Hijri calendar 1448 H (2026-2027)
The Hijri calendar is the lunar calendar of the Muslim Community. It sets the rhythm of fasting Ramadan, ḥajj, the Eids, zakāt and all acts of worship linked to time. Its structure rests on twelve lunar months of 29 or 30 days, whose beginning is established by ruʾyat al-hilāl, in line with the teaching of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. The year 1448 H runs approximately from 28 June 2026 (1st Muḥarram 1448) to around mid-June 2027 (end of Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1448), subject to local sighting of the crescent. This page presents the origin of the calendar, its twelve months, the four sacred months, the major milestones of the year 1448 H, the way Deen Coach integrates this calendar, and the prophetic rule that governs it. All Gregorian dates given here are approximate: they serve as a general benchmark, the exact liturgical date always belongs to the recognised Muslim authority of the country of residence. Wa Allāhu aʿlam.
The origin of the Hijri calendar
The Hijri calendar was instituted during the caliphate of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb raḍiyallāhu ʿanhu, when a consultation took place between him and the Companions to set a common starting point for the dating of administrative and religious acts. Several proposals were considered (birth of the Prophet ﷺ, beginning of revelation, death of the Prophet ﷺ), but the choice fell on the Hijra, that is, the migration of the Prophet ﷺ from Mecca to Medina, as the founding event of the organised Muslim Community. The first month chosen to open the year was Muḥarram. This collective decision of the Companions is reported by historians and muḥaddithūn, and constitutes a precedent followed by Ahl al-Sunnah ever since. The calendar is strictly lunar: it does not align with the solar calendar, and each Hijri year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year.
The twelve Islamic months
Allāh says: "The number of months with Allāh is twelve in the Book of Allāh, since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred. That is the upright religion" (at-Tawba 9:36). Here are the twelve lunar months in order, with their linguistic meaning where relevant: 1. Muḥarram ("the sacred"): opens the Hijri year, one of the four sacred months. 2. Ṣafar ("the yellow" or "the empty"): follows Muḥarram. 3. Rabīʿ al-Awwal ("first of spring"): month of the birth of the Prophet ﷺ according to the majority, with no prescribed festival. 4. Rabīʿ ath-Thānī ("second of spring"). 5. Jumādā al-Ūlā ("first of the freeze"): name linked to ancient Arabian climate. 6. Jumādā ath-Thāniyah ("second of the freeze"). 7. Rajab ("the revered"): one of the four sacred months. 8. Shaʿbān ("the dispersed"): preparatory month for Ramadan, the Prophet ﷺ fasted much in it (al-Bukhārī and Muslim). 9. Ramaḍān ("the burning"): month of obligatory fasting and the descent of the Quran. 10. Shawwāl ("the elevated"): opens with Eid al-Fiṭr; the six supererogatory fasts there are a confirmed Sunna (Muslim, from Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī raḍiyallāhu ʿanhu). 11. Dhū al-Qaʿdah ("that of cessation"): one of the four sacred months; cessation of fighting in ancient use. 12. Dhū al-Ḥijjah ("that of the ḥajj"): month of the pilgrimage and Eid al-Aḍḥā, one of the four sacred months.
The four sacred months
Allāh has distinguished four months among the twelve: "Four of them are sacred. That is the upright religion. Do not wrong yourselves during these months" (at-Tawba 9:36). The Prophet ﷺ enumerated them in the ḥadīth reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim from Abū Bakra raḍiyallāhu ʿanhu: "The year is twelve months, of which four are sacred: three consecutive – Dhū al-Qaʿdah, Dhū al-Ḥijjah and Muḥarram – and Rajab of Muḍar, which is between Jumādā and Shaʿbān". The practical reach of this sacralisation among the Salaf is twofold: on one hand, the ancient ban on fighting is recalled; on the other hand, the punishment of sins is heavier and the reward of pious acts greater, as explained by Ibn Kathīr and Ibn Saʿdī in their respective tafsīr of at-Tawba 9:36. This implies no ritual celebration specific to these months, beyond prescribed acts such as fasting the day of ʿĀshūrāʾ (10 Muḥarram), recommended by the Prophet ﷺ (Muslim).
The major milestones of 1448 H
The following dates are approximate and to be confirmed by local ruʾyat al-hilāl; they may vary from one country to another. 1st Muḥarram 1448 H (Hijri New Year): approximately Sunday 28 June 2026. No celebration is prescribed; see the dedicated blog article on the Hijri New Year for methodological detail. 10th Muḥarram 1448 H (day of ʿĀshūrāʾ): approximately Tuesday 7 July 2026. Strongly recommended fast according to the Sunna of the Prophet ﷺ, ideally paired with the 9th or the 11th (Muslim). 1st Ramaḍān 1448 H (start of fasting): approximately Wednesday 17 February 2027. 1st Shawwāl 1448 H (Eid al-Fiṭr): approximately Friday 19 March 2027. 1st Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1448 H (entry into the month of ḥajj): approximately Tuesday 18 May 2027. 9th Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1448 H (day of ʿArafah): approximately Wednesday 26 May 2027. The fast of this day, for one who is not performing ḥajj, expiates the sins of the past year and the year to come, according to the ḥadīth of Muslim. 10th Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1448 H (Eid al-Aḍḥā): approximately Thursday 27 May 2027. End of the year 1448 H: approximately around mid-June 2027, transition to 1449 H.
How Deen Coach handles the calendar
Deen Coach integrates a native Hijri calendar alongside the Gregorian calendar: bidirectional conversion (Hijri date ↔ Gregorian date), display of today's Hijri date, annotation of the major Islamic events of the current year (Ramadan, ʿĀshūrāʾ, ʿArafah, Eid al-Fiṭr, Eid al-Aḍḥā). The conversion relies on the tabular algorithm widely used by Muslim institutions: it is a reference calculation, not intended to replace local ruʾyat al-hilāl for the liturgical establishment of the month. The user is therefore invited, for dated acts of worship (start of Ramadan, day of ʿArafah, Eid al-Aḍḥā, etc.), to refer to the decision of the recognised Muslim authority in their country. Deen Coach does not position itself as a source of iftāʾ on the liturgical establishment of months: its role is to equip daily practice, not to replace the role of scholars.
The prophetic rule on ruʾyat al-hilāl
The Prophet ﷺ settled the question of establishing lunar months with a clear word, reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim from Ibn ʿUmar raḍiyallāhu ʿanhumā: "Ṣūmū li-ruʾyatihi wa-afṭirū li-ruʾyatihi, fa-in ghumma ʿalaykum fa-akmilū al-ʿiddata thalāthīn" – "Fast when you see it and break the fast when you see it; if the sky is overcast for you, complete the count (of the month) to thirty". Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, in his Fatḥ al-Bārī (commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī), explains that the rule applies as much to establishing Ramadan as to closing it, and by extension to all liturgical months. Allāh also says: "They ask you about the new moons. Say: they are time markers for people and for the ḥajj" (al-Baqarah 2:189). The Legislator therefore made the calendar observable to the naked eye, within reach of every community, without dependence on a scholarly instrument. This is the position held by contemporary Ahl al-Sunnah scholars (Ibn Bāz, Ibn ʿUthaymīn, al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah): primacy of ruʾyah over ḥisāb (calculation) for liturgical establishment.
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